Rock outcrops of India

Cliffs are a type of rock outcrop, having three essential elements: a level
or sloping platform or plateau at the top; a pediment consisting of base-rock at the bottom; and a vertical or near-vertical part, called the cliff face or free-face in between. Cliffs usually do not form smooth walls but
show crevices, caves and ledges. 

Vertical exposed cliffs are very dry, hot, have little or no humus and support a very limited group of species adapted to a harsh environment.In the wet period (June–October). Most cliffs in the NWG have waterfalls and hill streams that support the lush growth of seasonal chasmophytes.